Castor oil, used for centuries in traditional medicine, is now drawing growing attention from modern biomedical science. About 90% of castor oil's fatty acid composition is ricinoleic acid, which determines its unique chemical properties. Laboratory studies confirm the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of compounds from the castor plant (Ricinus communis), as well as their ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and the fungus C. albicans. Purified castor oil is completely safe and contains no toxic protein ricin, according to infohub.kz.
In modern medicine, castor oil has long been established as a stimulant laxative for acute constipation. Ricinoleic acid activates EP3 receptors in intestinal smooth muscle, enhancing peristalsis. In regenerative medicine, ointments based on castor oil, Peruvian balsam, and trypsin show success in healing wounds, donor skin sites, and bedsores. Additionally, castor oil is being tested as a biocompatible polyol source for creating polyurethane scaffolds that support stem cell growth in bone and heart tissue regeneration.
Despite the promise of dermatological and pharmaceutical developments, scientists caution against uncontrolled use of the oil. Popular internet claims that it can accelerate hair growth or burn fat lack evidence. Excessive oral consumption can cause dehydration and nausea, and its ability to stimulate uterine contractions requires particular caution during pregnancy.