Physicists have proposed an explanation for how complex structures emerge in the universe despite the second law of thermodynamics, reports infohub.kz.
Professor of Mathematics Ginestra Bianconi from Queen Mary University of London published a study in the journal Physical Review D. The work resolves a fundamental cosmological paradox: how galaxies, stars, and living organisms form in an expanding universe if the second law of thermodynamics requires a constant increase in overall disorder (entropy).
The author applied the quantum gravity concept "Gravity from Entropy" (GfE), where gravity is treated as a thermodynamic phenomenon emerging from information at the quantum level. Calculations showed that as space expands, the total entropy of the universe indeed increases, but its density per unit volume decreases.
This local decrease in entropy density creates conditions for the self-organization of matter. According to the GfE concept, dynamic dark energy acts as the internal energy of the system, allowing quantum mechanics, gravity, and thermodynamics to be unified.