As people age, the body sacrifices speed and efficiency in walking for stability, reports infohub.kz.
Scientists from Australia have discovered why steps become more difficult and tiring over the years. Research by experts from Flinders University and the University of Canberra shows that with age, the nervous system shifts to a "safety first" strategy.
Analysis of data from 107 healthy individuals aged 26 to 86 revealed changes in the ankle joint's function. According to lead author Dr. Cody Lindsey, older adults tend to simultaneously tense opposing muscles around the ankle. This phenomenon, called co-contraction, makes the joint stiffer and enhances stability when the foot contacts the ground.
However, this safety comes at a cost: muscles work harder but generate less forward movement. As co-author Associate Professor Maarten Immink noted, such rigid joint fixation reduces push-off force, shortens stride length, and slows walking. As a result, people tire more quickly and struggle with longer distances.
The scientists emphasize that to maintain mobility, it is beneficial to perform exercises that improve balance, coordination, and strengthen the lower leg.