Sońǵy jańartý

(Ózgertilgen ýaqyty 15 saǵat buryn)
Akademıalyq izdenisterdiń pándik aımaǵyn túsiný joldary (Naǵashybek Qapalbekulynyń “Dos júregi” áńgimesindegi máseleler)

Ǵylymı jetekshi fılologıa ǵylymdarynyń kondıdanty, profesor Týlekova G. H. Dúısenbaeva J. S. “Turan” ýnıversıteti
Almaty q. Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy
6V0320-Jýrnalıstıka jáne aýdarma isi kafedrasy:
Qoǵammen baılanys mamandyǵynyń 1 kýrs stýdenti Dúısenbaeva Jannur

Anotasıa
Maqalada bolmystan ajyraý, mentalıtetten alshaqtaý sekildi oılar baıandalyp, orystyń ozbyr saıasaty men júıesiz jumysynyń ulttyń bolmysyna, ulttyń diline tıgizgen zıany týraly aıtylady. Asharshylyq, soǵys, repressıa sekildi úlken trageddıalardy bastan ótkerip – minezi de, oıy da, bolmysy da, paıymy da ózgeriske ushyraǵan adamdardy keıipker retinde jazǵan jazýshy Naǵashybek Qapalbekulynyń “Dos júregi” áńgimesi týraly. Qomaǵaı qoǵam qalyptastyrǵan adamdardyń minezi týraly, joqshylyq pen kedeılik týdyrǵan býynnyń komýnıkasıasy men qoǵammen baılanysy týraly baıandalady. Kilt sózder: pándik aımaq, qoǵammen baılanys, ulttyq bolmys, dil, soǵys, repressıa, asharshylyq, minez-qulyq, adamdyq qarym-qatynas.

V state opısyvaıýtsá takıe myslı, kak otryv ot bytıa, otryv ot mentalıteta, vred, prıchınáemyı rossııskoı tıranıcheskoı polıtıkoı ı bessıstemnoı rabotoı sýshestvovanıý nasıı ı relıgıı nasıı. Rech ıdet o povestı «Dos jýregı» pısatelá Nagashıbeka Kapalbekýly, napısavshego v kachestve personajeı lúdeı, perejıvshıh bolshıe tragedıı, takıe kak golod, voına, repressıı – ızmenılsá ıh harakter, myslı, sýshnost vıdenıe. Rasskazyvaet o haraktere lúdeı, sformırovannom obshestvom, ob obshenıı ı svázı s obshestvom pokolenıa, porodıvshego bednost Klúchevye slova: predmetnaıa oblast sváz s obshestvennostú, nasıonalnoe samosoznanıe, relıgıa, voına, repressıı, golod, povedenıe, chelovecheskıe otnoshenıa.

The article describes such thoughts as separation from being, separation from mentality, the harm caused by the Russian tyrannical policy and unsystematic work to the existence of the nation and the religion of the nation. We are talking about the story "Dos zhuregi" by the writer Nagashibek Kapalbekuly, who wrote as characters people who survived great tragedies such as famine, war, repression - their character, thoughts, essence, vision changed. It tells about the character of people formed by society, about communication and connection with society of the generation that gave rise to poverty. Key words: subject area, public relations, national identity, religion, war, repression, famine, behavior, human relations.

Akademıalyq izdenisterdiń pándik aımaǵyn túsiný joldary (Naǵashybek Qapalbekulynyń “Dos júregi” áńgimesindegi máseleler) Akademıa ǵylymynda izdenisterdiń pándik aımaǵy túsinigin Iý. M. Kývshınskaıa, V. G. Salagaev, D. Álkebaeva, S. Álisjanov sekildi ǵalymdar tujyrymdaıdy. Zertteýdiń pándik aımaǵy – biz zerttep otyrǵan basty másele men avtordyń nazaryn aýdaratyn qubylys. Bizdiń izdenistiń pándik aımaǵy – qoǵammen balanys. Qoǵammen baılanys – halyq pen qoǵam arasyndaǵy qarym-qatynastan turady. Sol zamannyń basty máselesi – qyzyl ımperıanyń halyqqa kórsetken ústemdigi. Kóptegen ulttardy bodan qylyp, beıbit ómirge bir taban jaqyndatpaýdy maqsat tutqan ımperıalyq jáne avtokratıaly memleketter ártúrli sumdyq aılalar oılap taýyp, ár qıly is-áreketter jasap otyrǵan. Ulttyń tilin talqandap, dinin dúbárá qylyp, ulttyń bolmysyn joıý, ulttyń dingegin julý, ulttyń bolmysyn julý, ulttyń tamyryna balta shabý sekildi uly maqsattardy kózdedi. Ulttyq bolmys – bir ulttyń adamzattyq sanasy, rýhanı qundylyǵy, etnostyq ereksheligi, ulttyq minez-qulqy. Osy maqsattar oryndalǵan sátte-aq ulttyń joıylyp ketetini aqıqat edi. Ulttyq bolmysy bylǵanǵan, dińgegi julynǵan, tamyry bylǵanǵan ult el bolyp etek jıyp, jurt bolyp jahandanýǵa umtylmasy anyq. Saıyn dalanyń tósinde qymyz sapyryp, salqar saharany saýyqqa bólegen qazaqtyń qaraly kún keship, qarańǵyda qalýy, týraly Shoqan Ýálıhanov: “ Dalalyqtar ǵana qaıǵy-muńsyz, erteńi jaıly eshteńe oılamaı erkin ómir súre alady” [1], - degen oımaqtaı oı aıtady.

Tarıhtyń tereńine úńilip, tuńǵıyǵyna boılaǵan sátte tyń derekter men mardymdy málimetter tabýǵa bolady. Máselen, qamsyz jatqan qaımana qazaqtyń basyna XVIII ǵasyrda ǵana qara bult úıirilip, qaraly kúnder ornady. Jońǵar jaıly “Úırengen jaý atyspaqqa jaqsy” degen jurtymyz jeńilip, “Aqtaban shubyryndyǵa” ushyrady [2]. Terezesi teń bolsada qýaty kem, qaıraty shyńjaý jońǵardyń uldy qul, qyzdy kúń qylýynyń basty sebebi – zeńbirek edi. Bilektiń kúshi basym bolsa da qazaq batyrlary men handary bilimniń jemisine qarsy tura almady. Osy týraly Ahmet Baıtursynov: “Óz aldyna jurt bolyp tura almaıtuǵyn bolǵan soń, handarymyz halqymen Reseıge qosylǵan” [3], - degen pikir bildirgen. Ras, orysqa qosyldyq. Osy ýaqytta orys bıliginiń sanasynda “qazaqty joıý” degen tátti qıal kólbeńdeı berdi. Orys bıligi eń aldymen dindi bylǵaýdy basty mısıa retinde qarastyrdy. Halyq senetin, halyq ılanatyn dindi buzý – ultty joıýdyń eń alǵashqy alǵysharttarynyń biri. Bul týraly jezaıyr jazýshy, qarymdy qalamger Asqar Súleımenov: “Din qurysa – til saqtaıdy, til qurysa – ún saqtaıdy, bári qurysa – dil saqtaıdy” [4], - deıdi. Rasynda da, din, til, ún, dil – ulttyń tik turýyna sebepker bolatyn tórttaǵan sekildi. Osy tusta Asqar Súleımenov erekshe nazar aýdaryp, ulttyń basty negizi retinde tanyǵan “dil” degenimiz – oılaýdyń úlgisi, etnostyń, áleýmettik toptyń, ındıvıdtiń jalpy rýhanı minez-qulqy. Ulttyń dili degenimiz – ulttyń mentalıteti, ulttyń minez-qulqy, ulttyń bolmysy.

Asharshylyq. Qazaq dalasyn ańsóńke súıekke toltyrǵan ashtyq keziniń zulmaty men zobalańy qanshama ýaqyt ótse de umtylmaıtyny anyq. Ashtyqtyń kesirinen mıllıondaǵan adam qyrylyp, halyqtyń turmysy tómendedi. Yqylas Ojaıuly aıtqandaı: “Ashtyqtyń tragedıasy men azaby odan qurban bolǵandar sanymen anyqtalmaıdy. Onyń eń negizgi azaby ashtyqtan tiri qalǵandardyń budan keıingi ómir súrý úreıi men toıymsyzdyǵynan bastalady” [5], - degen oıaby bólek oı aıtady. Soǵys. Birinshi dúnıejúzilik soǵys pen ekinshi dúnıejúzilik soǵys kezinde ulttyń uldary aldyńǵy qatardan tabylyp, jiger men qaırat kórsetkeni aqıqat. Biraq, soǵystyń kesirinen adamdardyń pıǵyly ózgerip, dúnıege degen paıymy aýysqanyn aıtpaı ketýge bolmaıdy. Jesir áıelder men jetim balalar, urlyq pen ádiletsizdik, kedeılik pen baılyqqa talpyný – soǵystyń salǵan eń basty qasiretiniń biri.

Kedeılik pen joqshylyqty, ashtyq pen ádiletsizdikti kórip ósken bala qoǵammen baılanysqa túsken sátte óz egosyn árqashan bıik qoıady. “Urlyq – bala kezinde joqshylyq kórgen adam mentalıtetiniń kórnisi” [6] degen ras. Soǵys – adamdyq qundylyqtardy emes ashkózdikti qoldaıtyn, toıymsyzdyqty quptaıtyn, minezi úlken ózgeriske ushyraǵan býyndy qalyptastyrdy. Soǵystyń basty qasireti – osy. Repressıa. Alashtyń aımańdaı uldarynyń atylyp ketip, ulttyń ustyny bolǵan uly tulǵalardyń ólim jazasyna kesilýi de ulttyń minezine óz áserin tıgizdi. Uly aqyndar men uly fılosoftar “Darǵa asýdyń kýási bolǵan halyq ólim qorqynyshyn artyq sezinedi” [7], - degen oı aıtady. Ras, orys bıligi repressıa arqyly qazaqtyń rýhyn, qazaqtyń asaýlyǵyn 50 jylǵa shegerip tastady. XX ǵasyrdyń 70-80 jyldary ádebıetke asharshylyqtyń úreıin, soǵystyń salqynyn sezingen býyn keldi [8]. Bul býyn úshin taqyryp jeterlik boldy. Qolǵa qalam alyp, qaıǵysy men qasireti kóp ónerge bet burǵan adam úshin qazaq dalasyn aqsóńke súıekke toltyrǵan ashtyq taqyrby týraly da, qazaq balasyn qan maıdanǵa súıregen soǵys taqyryby týraly da, alashtyń taqyryby týraly da jazýǵa bolatyn edi. Biraq, asharshylyqty, soǵysty nemese repressıany jazý sheberlik emes. Osy asharshylyqty kórgen, soǵysqa qatysqan, repressıany sezingen adamdy keıipker retinde ashyp jazý – sheberlik. Úlken tragedıalardy ótkerip – minezi de, oıy da, bolmysy da, paıymy da ózgeriske ushyraǵan adamdardy jazǵan jazýshylar az bolmady. Qoǵamnyń qomaǵaılyǵyn, adamnyń sumyraılyǵyn ashyp kórsetken jazýshylar da jeterlik. Osy jazýshylardyń biri de, biregeıi – Naǵashybek Qapalbekuly. Naǵashybek Qapalbekuly – jazýshy, Qazaqstan Jazýshylar Odaǵynyń múshesi. 1950 jyly 16 naýryzda Almaty oblysy, Jambyl aýdany, Qyzylásker aýylynda dúnıege kelgen [9]. Ol óz shyǵarmalarynda adamdardyń qubylǵan minezi týraly, zamannyń ózgergeni týraly, jaqynnyń jat bolýy týraly, jattyń jaqyn bolýy týraly, joǵalyp ketken meıirim týraly, dúnıeni bılegen dúnıeqońyzdyq týraly, shartarapty sharlaǵan ataqqumarlyq týraly jazdy.

Naǵashybek Qapalbekulynyń áńgimeleriniń eń basty ereksheligi – keıipkerlerdiń mineziniń shynaıylyǵy, dıalogtardyń shuraılylyǵy [10]. Mátinniń sıqyry – qarapaıymdylyǵynda. Bul jazýshynyń áńgimeleriniń tili jeńil bolsa da, aıtar oıy adam sanasyn sarsańǵa salyp, uzaq ýaqyt oılanýǵa májbúrleıdi. Osy áńgimeleriniń ishindegi adamdy túrli oıǵa jeteleıtini – “Dos júregi” áńgimesi. Bul áńgimede aýrýhanada tósekke tanylǵan Qaıyrkenniń ómir sýretterin oı bezbeninen ótkizgeni týraly baıandalady. Qaıyrken – ómirdiń qıyndyǵy men qýanyshyn qatar kórgen qarapaıym aýyl azamaty. Osy obraz arqyly aýyldyq adamnyń minezin, aýyldyq adamnyń daladaı darhan kóńilin, salqar sahara sekildi peıilin anyq ańǵarýǵa bolady. Ol aýylda jatsa da kóńilin bilýge kelmegen dosy týraly oıǵa shomyp – ótken ómir esiginen bir-aq shyǵady. Ol dosyna: “... Tańat! Men quıttaıynan biletin Tańat bolsa myna aıqaılasań daýsyn jeter tustaǵy aýrýhanada jatqan maǵan quryǵanda bir soǵýy tıis edi-aý... Áı, men biletin Tańat bolmaǵany ma, shynymen ?..”, - dep ishteı muń shaǵady. Osy keýdeni qysyp, júrekti aýyrtqan aýyr muń san túrli oılarǵa, este joq eski kúnderge jetelep: “Tek oıyn ǵana san tarapty sharlap, shyqpaıtyn shyń, barmaıtyn jer joq sıaqty, búkil álemdi kezesińde ketesiń, ótken kúnderdi qorǵasyndaı salmaqtap, tarazylaısyń, áldeneni jubanysh etesiń, kútesiń...”, - dep opynady.

Áńgimeni oqyǵan sátte Tańattyń mineziniń, oıynyń, pikiriniń, paıymynyń, tanymynyń ózgeriske ushyraǵanyn baıqaýǵa bolady. Tańat eń alǵashqy úılengen ýaqytta Ermek pen Qaıyrkendi “O, baýyrlarym! ” dep qapsyra qushaqtap, Qaıyrkenge “Sen bilesiń be, geologtar bir aıda myń somǵa deıin tabady eken, eger qazba baılyq taýyp qalsań, aqshanyń astynda qaldym deı ber...”, - dep asqaq armandary týraly, mardymdy maqsattary týraly baıandaıtyn bolǵan. Ýaqyt jyljyp, aılar almasqan saıyn Tańattyń minezi de ózgere beredi. Tańattyń mineziniń qubylyp, tanymynyń ózgergenin: “Seriktiń ala bas sıyry egiz urǵashy buzaý týǵanyn, atestat ala sap Rásildiń qyzy kúıeýge qashyp ketkeni sıaqty, jamyrap, bitpeıtin aýyl hıkaıalaryn soǵamyz. Buryn mundaıda “Apyraı, solaı ma?” dep tańdanyp, ejiktep qaıta surap jatatyn Tańat, beıpazdanyp, jerdi ókshesimen qazyp qozǵalatyn minez tapqan! ”, - degen sóılem arqyly bilýge bolady. “Álgi Sábıramen aqyldasaıynshy, Sábıraǵa aıtaıynshy”, - degen dıalogtary arqyly da Tańattyń ózgeriske ushyraǵanyn ańǵarý qıyn emes. Tańattyń mineziniń qubylysqa ushyrap, dúnıege deıin túsiniginiń ózgergenine, qala adamynyń qoǵammen baılanysyna baılanysty úlken másele týyndaıdy. Tańattyń qalaǵa kóshken ýaqyt aralyǵynda aýyl adamdarymen komýnıkasıasy nasharlap, qoǵammen baılanysy tómendegen. Tańattyń ıilgish, jaǵympaz minezderi dosy Qaıyrken úshin de tańsyq bolyp kórinedi. Máselen, Qaıyrken úshin Tańattyń úıinen qýyp shyǵyp, “ury” degen ataq bergen týysqany Bolǵanbaevqa: “Jalǵyz aǵam, aýylymnyń maqtanyshy, Alataýdaı pana tutar panamyz”, - dep maqtaý jaýdyrýy tym erisi jáne durys emes bolyp kórinedi. Shyǵarmadaǵy basty nazar aýdaratyn máselelerdiń biri – adamdyq qarym-qatynas. Máselen, Bolǵanbaevtyń jalǵyz uly, erke balasy Jorıktiń Tańatqa “Djınsıim joǵaldy, ony Tańat urlady”, - dep jala jabýy, Bolǵanbaevtyń: “Elý somǵa toıyna hrýstal vaza apardyń ba? Apardym. Jatqan jatyn jaıyna – elý som, ishken tamaqtaryn jáne elý som”, - degen esek dámesi men esep pıǵyly adamdyq qarym-qatynastyń deńgeıin kórsetedi.

Zootehnık Qusbektiń Tańattyń ákesine: “Áı, qańǵyp kelgen jalǵyz úı kirme! Ana sıyrdyń qunyn qashan tóleısiń? ”, - degen aýyr sózder aıtýy adamdyq qarym-qatynastyń tómendep ketkenin kórsetedi. Osy jaǵdaılardyń barlyǵyna da asharshylyqtyń nemese soǵystyń áseri boldy. Zootehnık Qusbek Tańattyń ákesin “kirme” dep aıyptaý sebebi tuldyry joq Tańattyń ákesi túp naǵashylaryn saǵalap osy aýylǵa kelip, qalyp qalǵan. Qazaq dalasyndaǵy árbir qaıǵy-qasiretke asharshylyqtyń, soǵystyń, repressıanyń tıtteı bolsa da zıany bar. Soǵysty kórmegen býyn da, asharshylyqty kórmegen adam da osy qasiretterdiń zardabyn tartady. Ulttyń bolmysyna jasalǵan qastandyqtar uzaq ýaqyt ultqa kesirin tıgizedi. Birneshe býyn almasyp, ómir sahnasyna jańa býyn shyqqan sátte ǵana ulttyq máseleler sheshilip, eldik problemalar ornyna keledi.

Paıdalanylǵan ádebıetter:
1 – Valıhanov.Ch., Izbrannye proızvedenıa. – Moskva: Naýka, 1986. – 218 str.
2 – Qoıgeldıev. M., Qorǵansyzdyń kúnin keshkender. – Almaty: Arys, 2019. –304 b.
3 – Baıtursynuly. A., Alty tomdyq shyǵarmalar jınaǵy. – Almaty: El-shejire, 2013. – 384 b.
4 – Súleımenov. A., Besatar. – Almaty: Atamura, 2009. – 218 b.
5 – Ojaıuly. Y., Ashtyq pálsapasy. – Elektrondy resýrs: https://e-history.kz/kz/news/show/33310/?fbclid=IwAR2It98L_uKZSwIq-fMUl4xzbr_Yxf9JcjVjEpkGrx2O4UeT93HTQNlUFwU
6 – Ojaıuly. Y., Ashtyq pálsapasy. – Elektrondy resýrs: https://e-history.kz/kz/news/show/33310/?fbclid=IwAR2It98L_uKZSwIq-fMUl4xzbr_Yxf9JcjVjEpkGrx2O4UeT93HTQNlUFwU
7 – Shaımerdenuly. E., Shyǵarmalary. – Almaty: Qazaq ensıklopedıasy, 2014. – 37 b.
8 – 70-80 jyldardaǵy ádebıet synynyń jaǵdaıy. – Elektrondy resýrs: https://massaget.kz/qaarc/qa/18964/
9 – Naǵashybek Qapalbekuly. – Elektrondy resýrs: https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naǵashybek_Qapalbekuly
10 – Júrek terbegen týyndy. – Elektrondy resýrs: https://qazaquni.kz/news/1365-zh-rek-terbegen-tuyindyi-zhazushyi-na-ashyib


You Might Also Like

Jańalyqtar

Jarnama