InfoHub Logo

Two centuries ago, Kazakh people possessed a sophisticated understanding of the night sky, using stars to determine time, maintain calendars, and even forecast weather. This knowledge was vital for a nomadic lifestyle in a challenging climate. Today, however, only echoes of this traditional astronomical wisdom remain. What led to its decline?

The Role of 'Esеpshi' (Calculators)

Individuals who mastered this celestial knowledge were known as 'esepschi,' or calculators. Their expertise extended beyond mere timekeeping; they could navigate the vast steppes by the stars and predict atmospheric changes. Some researchers even suggest that the Kazakh yurt itself served as a mobile observatory and a timekeeping device, akin to a sundial.

By observing the movement of stars through the yurt's 'shanyrak' (the central opening), and using the shadow cast by the opening during the day, one could ascertain the time. This intricate system highlights a deep connection between the Kazakh people, their dwellings, and the cosmos.

Reasons for the Knowledge's Demise

According to researcher Zira Naurzbay, several factors contributed to the loss of this traditional astronomy. The colonial policies of the Russian Empire disrupted traditional nomadic routes and seized grazing lands. This negatively impacted animal husbandry and exacerbated the effects of natural disasters like famine.

During the Soviet era, holders of traditional knowledge, particularly those who predicted disasters or whose practices were linked to spiritual beliefs, were deemed 'ideologically alien' and faced persecution. Many 'esepschi' were eliminated or unable to pass on their knowledge to future generations. Consequently, only fragmented records of Kazakhstan's ancient astronomical heritage have survived.

Preserved Records and Debates

One individual dedicated to preserving this knowledge was Kamel Zhunistege. While imprisoned, he learned traditional practices from an 'esepschi' named Kunanbay Beisenov. Zhunistege meticulously documented what he learned and sought out other 'esepschi' to collect their stories.

However, Zhunistege's writings have sparked debate among some researchers, who question the accuracy of his accounts. Writer Talasbek Asemkulov's memoirs offer a contrasting perspective. He recounts how an 'esepschi' in his native village, Myrzakhan Ongarov, accurately predicted a harsh winter, helping the collective farm survive the ensuing hardship. This anecdote underscores the practical, not just cultural, significance of this traditional knowledge.

The profound connection the Kazakh people once had with the stars has been lost to the annals of history. The pressures of colonial and Soviet ideologies prevented the preservation of this ancient legacy. Nevertheless, the surviving fragments serve as a testament to the deep bond between the Kazakh people, nature, and the celestial world.

Бұл туралы Infohub.kz ақпарат агенттігі хабарлайды.