Alǵashqy adamdardyń paıda bolýy
UBT-ǵa daıyndyq Qazaqstan tarıhy páninen
6 synyp
I BÓLİM. ALǴASHQY QAÝYMDYQ ADAMDAR ÓMİRİ.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń paıda bolýy
Konspekt
Ǵalymdar alǵashqy adamdy “epti adam” (avstralopıtek) dep ataıdy. “Epti adam” Kenıa jerindegi Oldývaı shatqalynda (Afrıka) tabylǵan. Budan 1 mln 750 myń jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Alǵashqy adamnyń kásibi terimshilik pen ańshylyq boldy. Baspanalary – úńgirler. Ertedegi adamdardyń ujymy tobyr dep atalady.
Pıtekantroptyń qańqasy alǵash ret 1891 jyly Iava aralynan tabyldy. Ol budan 1 mln jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Adamzat damýynda budan keıingi satyda Soltústik Qytaıdan tabylǵan sınantrop (“Qytaı adamy”) turady. Sınantrop budan 500 - 200 myń jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Pıtekantrop pen sınantropty “tik júretin adam” dep ataıdy.
Elimizdiń aýmaǵynda alǵashqy adamdar budan 1mln - daı jyl buryn paıda bolǵan. Muny Arystandy ózeniniń boıynan (Jambyl oblysy) jáne Qarataýdan (Ońtústik Qazaqstan) tabylǵan eńbek quraldary dáleldeıdi. Qazaqstan aýmaǵynda ómir súrgen alǵashqy adamdar – pıtekantroptyń zamandastary.
Orta tas ǵasyrynda (b. z. b. 100 - 40 myń jyl aralyǵynda) ómir súrgen adam alǵash ret Neandertal (Germanıa) jerinen tabylǵan. Sondyqtan ǵalymdar oǵan neandertaldyq degen ataý bergen. Ol tastan, súıekten, aǵashtan quraldar jasaı bilgen, shaqpaq tastarmen ot jaǵýdy úırengen.
Neandertaldyqtyń basy eńkish, moıny qysqa, al tisteri asa iri bolǵan. Onyń sóıleý qabileti tolyq qalyptaspaǵan. 1938 jyly Ózbekstannyń Tesiktas úńgirinen neandertal balanyń súıegi tabyldy.
Alǵashqy eńbek quraldary qazǵysh taıaq, úshkir tas, shoqpar boldy. Alǵashqy eńbek quraldary negizinen tastan jasalyp, óte qarapaıym bolǵan. Alǵashqy adamdar eńbek quraldaryn jasaý úshin qolǵa ustaýǵa yńǵaıly tastardy tańdap aldy.
Keıingi tas ǵasyrynda (b. z. b. 40 - 12 myńjyldyqta) adamzat damýynyń jańa kezeńi bastaldy. Adamzat jerdiń barlyqqa jýyq aýmaǵyn ıgerdi. Qajyrly eńbektiń nátıjesinde budan 40 - 30 myń jyl buryn neandertaldyqtan keıin “sanaly adam” paıda boldy. Onyń mıy ”epti adamnyń” mıynan eki ese úlken boldy. Adamnyń jetilýinde eńbek sheshýshi ról atqarǵan. Adam eńbek arqyly jetilip, onyń qoly, sózi, mıy damydy. Qazirgi adamǵa uqsas adamdar qalyptasty.
“Sanaly adamnyń” súıegi alǵash tabylǵan jer Kro - Manon úńgiri (Fransıa) bolǵandyqtan, ol kromanondyq dep ataldy.
“Sanaly adam” tik júrýdi, anyq sóıleýdi meńgerip, sózdik qoryn jetildirip otyrdy. Rýhanı jaǵynan jetile tústi. Úńgir qabyrǵalaryna salynǵan sýretter buǵan dálel bolady. Dinı nanym - senimderi qalyptasa bastady, adamdy jerlegende túrli áshekeı zattaryn birge kómgen.
Adamdar qarapaıym eńbek quraldaryn paıdalanýdy úırengen soń, tabıǵatqa táýeldiligi azaıa bastady. Jemis - jıdekterdi terdi, jeýge jaramdy tamyrlardy qazyp aldy, qustardyń jumyrtqalaryn jınap qorek etti. Mundaı kásip terimshilik dep ataldy.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń kelesi kásibi ań aýlaý boldy. Olar negizinen mamonttardy, bızondardy, maraldardy, jabaıy jylqylardy, úńgir aıýlaryn aýlady.
Qarataý úńgiriniń turǵyndary domalaq malta tasty eki jaǵynan egep, júzi ótkir, ırek ara sekildi qural jasaı bilgen. Mundaı quraldy choppıng dep ataıdy. Bul quralmen onsha jýan emes aǵashty kesken.
Alǵashqy adamdar ustaýǵa yńǵaıly tasty jaryp, bólshektep, júzin ótkirlegen. Bul qarý chopper dep atalady. Onymen taıaqty ushtady, óltirgen ańdardyń denesin borshalady, terisin syldy.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń eńbek quraldaryn, tas óńdeý tehnıkasyn, buıymdardyń jetildirilýin zerttegen arheologtar tas dáýirin úsh kezeńge bóledi: paleolıt – ejelgi tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 2 mln 500 myń – 12 myń jyl) (2011 jylǵy baspada b. z. b. 2 mln 600 myń – 12 myń jyl dep kórsetilgen), mezolıt – orta tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 12 - 5 myń jyl), neolıt – jańa tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 5 - 3 myń jyl). Bul úsh kezeńniń árqaısysy ózinen burynǵysynan neǵurlym jetildirilgen eńbek quraldarymen erekshelenedi.
Konspekt suraqtar
1. Alǵashqy adamnyń ǵylymı ataýy:
2. Budan 1 mln jyl buryn ómir súrgen alǵashqy adam:
3. Elimizdiń aýmaǵynda tabylǵan alǵashqy adam:
4. Neandertaldyq adamdardyń ómir súrgen jyldary:
5. Ejelgi adamnyń alǵashqy eńbek quraldary:
6. Qazirgi adamǵa uqsas adamdar qalyptasqan kezeń:
7. Anyq sóıleı bilgen ejelgi adam:
8. Alǵashqy adamdardyń kásibi:
9. Eki jaǵynan egelip, júzi ótkirlengen tas qural:
10. Alǵashqy adamdar chopperdi paıdalandy:
11. Tas dáýiriniń kezeńderi:
Taqyryptyq test:
Alǵashqy adamdardyń paıda bolýy. júkteý
6 synyp
I BÓLİM. ALǴASHQY QAÝYMDYQ ADAMDAR ÓMİRİ.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń paıda bolýy
Konspekt
Ǵalymdar alǵashqy adamdy “epti adam” (avstralopıtek) dep ataıdy. “Epti adam” Kenıa jerindegi Oldývaı shatqalynda (Afrıka) tabylǵan. Budan 1 mln 750 myń jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Alǵashqy adamnyń kásibi terimshilik pen ańshylyq boldy. Baspanalary – úńgirler. Ertedegi adamdardyń ujymy tobyr dep atalady.
Pıtekantroptyń qańqasy alǵash ret 1891 jyly Iava aralynan tabyldy. Ol budan 1 mln jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Adamzat damýynda budan keıingi satyda Soltústik Qytaıdan tabylǵan sınantrop (“Qytaı adamy”) turady. Sınantrop budan 500 - 200 myń jyl buryn ómir súrgen. Pıtekantrop pen sınantropty “tik júretin adam” dep ataıdy.
Elimizdiń aýmaǵynda alǵashqy adamdar budan 1mln - daı jyl buryn paıda bolǵan. Muny Arystandy ózeniniń boıynan (Jambyl oblysy) jáne Qarataýdan (Ońtústik Qazaqstan) tabylǵan eńbek quraldary dáleldeıdi. Qazaqstan aýmaǵynda ómir súrgen alǵashqy adamdar – pıtekantroptyń zamandastary.
Orta tas ǵasyrynda (b. z. b. 100 - 40 myń jyl aralyǵynda) ómir súrgen adam alǵash ret Neandertal (Germanıa) jerinen tabylǵan. Sondyqtan ǵalymdar oǵan neandertaldyq degen ataý bergen. Ol tastan, súıekten, aǵashtan quraldar jasaı bilgen, shaqpaq tastarmen ot jaǵýdy úırengen.
Neandertaldyqtyń basy eńkish, moıny qysqa, al tisteri asa iri bolǵan. Onyń sóıleý qabileti tolyq qalyptaspaǵan. 1938 jyly Ózbekstannyń Tesiktas úńgirinen neandertal balanyń súıegi tabyldy.
Alǵashqy eńbek quraldary qazǵysh taıaq, úshkir tas, shoqpar boldy. Alǵashqy eńbek quraldary negizinen tastan jasalyp, óte qarapaıym bolǵan. Alǵashqy adamdar eńbek quraldaryn jasaý úshin qolǵa ustaýǵa yńǵaıly tastardy tańdap aldy.
Keıingi tas ǵasyrynda (b. z. b. 40 - 12 myńjyldyqta) adamzat damýynyń jańa kezeńi bastaldy. Adamzat jerdiń barlyqqa jýyq aýmaǵyn ıgerdi. Qajyrly eńbektiń nátıjesinde budan 40 - 30 myń jyl buryn neandertaldyqtan keıin “sanaly adam” paıda boldy. Onyń mıy ”epti adamnyń” mıynan eki ese úlken boldy. Adamnyń jetilýinde eńbek sheshýshi ról atqarǵan. Adam eńbek arqyly jetilip, onyń qoly, sózi, mıy damydy. Qazirgi adamǵa uqsas adamdar qalyptasty.
“Sanaly adamnyń” súıegi alǵash tabylǵan jer Kro - Manon úńgiri (Fransıa) bolǵandyqtan, ol kromanondyq dep ataldy.
“Sanaly adam” tik júrýdi, anyq sóıleýdi meńgerip, sózdik qoryn jetildirip otyrdy. Rýhanı jaǵynan jetile tústi. Úńgir qabyrǵalaryna salynǵan sýretter buǵan dálel bolady. Dinı nanym - senimderi qalyptasa bastady, adamdy jerlegende túrli áshekeı zattaryn birge kómgen.
Adamdar qarapaıym eńbek quraldaryn paıdalanýdy úırengen soń, tabıǵatqa táýeldiligi azaıa bastady. Jemis - jıdekterdi terdi, jeýge jaramdy tamyrlardy qazyp aldy, qustardyń jumyrtqalaryn jınap qorek etti. Mundaı kásip terimshilik dep ataldy.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń kelesi kásibi ań aýlaý boldy. Olar negizinen mamonttardy, bızondardy, maraldardy, jabaıy jylqylardy, úńgir aıýlaryn aýlady.
Qarataý úńgiriniń turǵyndary domalaq malta tasty eki jaǵynan egep, júzi ótkir, ırek ara sekildi qural jasaı bilgen. Mundaı quraldy choppıng dep ataıdy. Bul quralmen onsha jýan emes aǵashty kesken.
Alǵashqy adamdar ustaýǵa yńǵaıly tasty jaryp, bólshektep, júzin ótkirlegen. Bul qarý chopper dep atalady. Onymen taıaqty ushtady, óltirgen ańdardyń denesin borshalady, terisin syldy.
Alǵashqy adamdardyń eńbek quraldaryn, tas óńdeý tehnıkasyn, buıymdardyń jetildirilýin zerttegen arheologtar tas dáýirin úsh kezeńge bóledi: paleolıt – ejelgi tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 2 mln 500 myń – 12 myń jyl) (2011 jylǵy baspada b. z. b. 2 mln 600 myń – 12 myń jyl dep kórsetilgen), mezolıt – orta tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 12 - 5 myń jyl), neolıt – jańa tas ǵasyry (b. z. b. 5 - 3 myń jyl). Bul úsh kezeńniń árqaısysy ózinen burynǵysynan neǵurlym jetildirilgen eńbek quraldarymen erekshelenedi.
Konspekt suraqtar
1. Alǵashqy adamnyń ǵylymı ataýy:
2. Budan 1 mln jyl buryn ómir súrgen alǵashqy adam:
3. Elimizdiń aýmaǵynda tabylǵan alǵashqy adam:
4. Neandertaldyq adamdardyń ómir súrgen jyldary:
5. Ejelgi adamnyń alǵashqy eńbek quraldary:
6. Qazirgi adamǵa uqsas adamdar qalyptasqan kezeń:
7. Anyq sóıleı bilgen ejelgi adam:
8. Alǵashqy adamdardyń kásibi:
9. Eki jaǵynan egelip, júzi ótkirlengen tas qural:
10. Alǵashqy adamdar chopperdi paıdalandy:
11. Tas dáýiriniń kezeńderi:
Taqyryptyq test:
Alǵashqy adamdardyń paıda bolýy. júkteý
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