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Qazaq handyǵy - ult tarıhy (esse)
Qazaq handyǵy - ult tarıhy (esse)

Qazaq handyǵynyń qurylýy – Qazaqstan tarıhyndaǵy asa mańyzdy oqıǵalardyń biri. Sol kezde bastalǵan etnıkalyq damýlardy qazirgi ýaqytta ulttyq deńgeıge jetkizip, qazaq halqynyń ult bolyp qalyptasýyna yqpalyn tıgizip, Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy dep atalatyn jańa memlekettiń qurylýyna negiz boldy.

Elbasymyz N. Á. Nazarbaev: «Qazaqtyń búkil tarıhy – birigý tarıhy, tutastaný tarıhy. Qazaq tek birigý, birlesý jolynda kele jatqan halyq» dep atap kórsetken bolatyn. Qazaq halqynyń tarıhı tamyry tereńde jatyr. Biz – Orta Azıadaǵy ejelden kele jatqan memleketterdiń birimiz. Qazaq handyǵy – bizdiń elimizdiń túp - ǵumyry. Táýelsiz Qazaqstan halqymyzdyń azattyq jolyndaǵy san ǵasyrlyq armany.

Qazaq handyǵy – búgingi Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy men kórshi aımaqtardyń terıtorıasynda 1465 - 1847jyldar aralyǵynda ómir súrgen memleket. Tarıhqa súıenetin bolsaq, tuńǵysh hany – Kereı, sońǵy hany – Kenesary Qasymuly bolyp sanalady. Qazaq handyǵynyń qurylý tarıhyna toqtala keteıik.

1457 jyly Ábilqaıyr han Syǵanaq túbinde qalmaqtardan jeńilgennen keıin, Kereı men Jánibek sultandar qol astyndaǵy rý - taıpalarymen Shý óńirine kelip qonystanyp, Qazaq handyǵynyń negizin qalaǵan. Muhammed Haıdar Dýlatıdiń «Tarıh ı Rashıdı» kitabynda Qazaq handyǵynyń qurylǵan jeri – Shý men Talas óńiri dep aıtylady. Ábilqaıyr hanǵa narazy sultan, ámirler, rý - taıpa basshylary Kereı men Jánibekke kelip qosylady. Az ýaqyttyń ishinde halyqtyń sany 200 myńnan asyp túsedi.

Qazaq handyǵynyń qurylýyn osyǵan deıin búkil Qazaqstan aýmaǵynda bolǵan áleýmettik - ekonomıkalyq jáne etno - saıası prosesterdiń zańdy qorytyndysy dep sanaýǵa bolady. XV ǵasyrdyń 60 jyldary qazaq handary qarsylastaryn tyqsyra otyryp, Batys Jetisýdy mekendedi.

XVI - XVII ǵasyrlarda Qazaq handyǵy nyǵaıyp, shekaralary keńeıe tústi. Orta Azıa, Astrahan, Qazan, Sibir handyqtarymen, Reseımen tyǵyz baılanys ornatty.
Ulan baıtaq elimizge, jerimizge jan - jaqtan kóz tigip, oıran salýshylar kóbeıdi. Eń qaterlisi XVI - XVIII ǵasyrlarda jońǵarlardyń shapqynshylyǵy boldy. Áıgili Tóle, Qazybek, Áıteke bılerdiń uıytqy bolýymen Qanjyǵaly Bógenbaı, Qarakereı Qabanbaı, Shapyrashty Naýryzbaı, Baıan batyr sekildi kóptegen batyrlar Abylaı hannyń aq týynyń astyna birigip, Jońǵar shapqynshylyǵynan qazaq jerin tolyq azat etti. XVIII ǵasyrda qazaq handyǵynyń táýelsizdigine qater tóndirgen tek qana Jońǵar handyǵy ǵana bolǵan joq. Ońtústikten Hıýa, Qoqan, Buhara handyqtary, batys pen soltústiginde qalmaqtar, bashqurttar, orys kazaktary únemi shapqynshylyq jasaýmen boldy.

Qazaq halqyn aman alyp qalý úshin osyndaı qıyn kezde Ábilqaıyr han bastaǵan qazaq sultandary, bıleri men batyrlary Reseı ımperıasynyń quramyna kire bastady. Sóıtip, qazaq halqy táýelsizdiginen aıyryla bastady.

«Jansúgirov atyndaǵy orta mektebi»
komýnaldyq memlekettik mekemesi
Oryndaǵan: tarıh pániniń muǵalimi: J. T. Demesınova

Qazaq handyǵy - ult tarıhy (esse). júkteý

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