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Sona (Tabanidae) — qosqanattylar otrády, qysqamurtshaly tik japsarlylar otrád tarmaǵyna jatatyn qansorǵyshtar. Jer sharynda keń taraǵan, 3 myńnan astam túri belgili. Denesi qysqa, jalpaq, uzyndyǵy 7 — 30 mm. Murtshalary tesip-sorý qyzmetin atqarady.

Sonalardyń qanattary bir-birinen alshaq ornalasady. Jaqsy ushady, tirshiliginiń kóp ýaqytyn aýada ushyp júrip ótkizedi. Kózderi jaqsy jetilgen. Ylǵaldy aımaqtarda jıi kezdesedi, adamdy jáne janýarlardy shaǵyp, qanyn sorady. Analyqtary mólsherine qaraı 40 — 300 mg-daı qan sora alady. Shaqqan kezde teriniń astyna silekeıin búrkip jiberetindikten, sonanyń shaqqan jeri qatty aýyrady. Silekeıiniń quramyńdaǵy gıalýronıdaza fermenti teri asty ulpasynyń belogyn ydyratyp, qannyń uıyp qalmaýyna jol bermeıdi, sondyqtan sona shaqqan jerden biraz ýaqyt qan tamshylap turady. Dernásilderi negizinen sýda, ylǵaldy topyraqta, shirigen ósimdikterdiń arasynda tirshilik etedi. Sonalar kóbeıgen kezde adam men janýarlarǵa kóp zıan keltiredi. Olar týláremıa, trıpanozomoz, túıneme, topalań, qarasan aýrýlaryn taratady. Qazaqstanda Silvius, Chrysops, Tabanus, Atylotus, Hybomitra, Haematopota Tybicbma týysyna jatatyn 72 túri tirkelgen.

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