Aǵylshyn tili sabaqtarynda ıdıomalar men turaqty sóz tirkesterin qoldana sóıleýge úıretý
AǴYLSHYN TİLİ SABAQTARYNDA IDIOMALAR MEN TURAQTY SÓZ TİRKESTERİN QOLDANA SÓILEÝGE ÚIRETÝ
Summary
This article touches upon the problem of using idioms and set expressions in students` speech. Great attention is paid to the understanding the meanings of idioms and their role in foreign language learning.
Biz «til - tiri qubylys» degen sóz tirkesin jıi kezdestirsek te, kópshiligimiz onyń mánine, ıaǵnı onyń ne maǵyna beretindigine kóńil aýdara qoımaımyz. Kez - kelgen tildiń sózdik qory bilimdegi jańa damýlarmen birge ósý ústinde bolady. Jańa ıdeıalar jańa ataýdy qajet etedi. Máselen, ınformatıka, áleýmettaný, jarnama, saıasat, ekonomıka ǵylymdaryna baılanysty kópdegen jańa sózder paıda boldy. Kompúter tehnologıasy tómendegideı sózderdi, ıaǵnı software, diskette, high - tech, on - line, printout, modem, computer - literate, to format sıaqty sózderdi týǵyzsa, ekonomıka ǵylymy wege - freeze, price - freeze, stagflation degen sıaqty sózderdi dúnıege ákeldi, t. s. s. Sonymen qatar, tilge qatynastyń ózgerýi oryn alyp otyr. Sóz stıli turǵysynda aıtar bolsaq, eger buryn sleng bolyp eseptelip kelgen sózder qazirgi kezde aýyzeki tilde qoldanylatyn sózder qataryna jatqyzylatyn boldy.
Idıoma degen ne?
Idıoma degenimiz birge alynǵan kezde quramyndaǵy jekelengen sózderdiń maǵynasyn múldem basqa maǵyna beretin birneshe sózder jıyntyǵy bolyp tabylady /1/. Idıomalar aǵylshyn sózdiginiń mańyzdy bóligin quraıdy. Olar ár túrli formaly nemese qurylymdy bolyp keledi. Idıoma durys qurylymdy bola alady, sondaı - aq burys nemese gramatıkalyq qate qurylymy da bola alady. Maǵynanyń aıqyndyǵy gramatıkalyq durystyqqa táýeldi emes. Birer mysaldar keltireıik:
1. Formasy jaǵynan durys emes, maǵynasy aıqyn, mysaly:
«give someone to understand», «do someone proud», «do the dirty on someone».
2. Formasy jaǵynan durys, maǵynasy aıqyn emes, mysaly:
«have a bee in one`s bonnet» (be continually occupied with one idea or thing), «cut no ice» (make no impression, have no influence on), t. b.
3. Formasy jaǵynan durys emes, maǵynasy aıqyn emes, mysaly:
«all at sea» (being helpless), «all fingers and thumbs» (awkward) /2/.
Biz ıdıomalardyń kópshiliginiń ekinshi topqa jatatyndyǵyn baıqaımyz. Alaıda osy toptyń ózinde keıbir ıdıomalar basqalaryna qaraǵanda aıqynyraq keledi. Mysaly, «to give someone the green light» maǵynasy «to give someone permission to start» retinde túsindiriledi. Al keıbireýleriniń maǵynasyn bilý qıyn, óıtkeni ol jekelegen sózderdiń túpki maǵynasymen baılanysty. Mysaly, «to tell someone where to get off» (criticize someone strongly; tell someone what you think of him), «to drop a brick» (say or do smth that is tactless, causes embarrassment), «to call the shots» (have control of a situation, tell others what to do and how to do it), «to carry the can» (be obliged to accept the responsibility or blame if smth goes wrong). Birqatar «turaqty ıdıomalardy» kez - kelgen bóliginde ózgerte alamyz (etistiktiń shaǵynan basqasyn). Máselen, «bring home the bacon» «to fight shy of something», « to get down to business». Al keıbireýlerin ár túrli varıanttarda qoldanýǵa bolady, mysaly «to know one`s onions/ stuff» (know one`s subject or how to do something very well ), «a hard/ tough nut to crack» (a difficult problem to overcome; a difficult person to deal with), «to take/ have/ enjoy/ forty winks» (a short sleep during the day), «to come to a bad/ nasty/ sticky/ no good/ untimely end» (become a criminal, have to go to prison, suffer disgrace) /3/.
Oqýshylarǵa kezdesetin eń úlken qıyndyqtardyń biri - ıdıomany qandaı jaǵdaıda qoldaný oryndylyǵyn bilý bolyp tabylady. Olarǵa aǵylshyn tili sabaqtarynda kóbinese beıtarap ıdıomalardy berýge tyrysqan abzal, óıtkeni mundaı ıdıomalar barlyq derlik jaǵdaılarda qoldanylýy múmkin.
Oqýshylarǵa aıtarlyqtaı qıyndyq týǵyzyp júrgen turaqty sóz tirkesterdi, ıaǵnı etistikterdiń predlogtar men ústeýli demeýliktermen jasalǵan sóz tirkesteri, mysaly «take off», «sit in on», «leave out».... Mundaı etistikter aǵylshyn tiliniń barlyq túrlerinde kezdesetin tıptik jáne jıi qubylys, ásirese aýyzeki aǵylshyn tilinde kóptep kezdesedi. Keıde etistik + predlog nemese demeýlik tirkesi joǵary ıdıomatıkalyq maǵynaǵa ıe bolady. Tirkestiń jalpy maǵynasy onyń quramyndaǵy jeke sózderdiń maǵynasyna jýyqtamaıdy. Mysaly, «pack sth in» etistigi sóılemde eshqandaı qıyndyq týdyrmaıdy:
«She opened her suitcase and packed all the clothes in.»
Alaıda, «He decided to pack his job in» sóıleminde ol «leave, abandon» maǵynasynda qoldanylyp tur. Sol sıaqty «take someone off» mysalynda bul «basqa jerge aparyp tastaý» (take away to another place) maǵynasyn bildiredi.
«As soon as Tom arrived Bob insisted on taking him off». Alaıda «ázil - sqaqty elikteý» maǵynasynda qoldanylýy da múmkin: «Liz can take the Queen off very well».
«Take off» tirkesiniń keıbir sóz tirkesterimen birge kelgen jaǵdaıdaǵy maǵynalary tómende keltirilip otyr:
1. The aircraft/ flight/ pilot/ passenger took off. (i. e. left the ground);
2. The thief/ boy/ dog (persons or animals) took off. (i. e. ran away in a hurry);
3. The sales/ product/ economy took off. (i. e. began to improve greatly, make a profit).
«M. Ǵabdýllın atyndaǵy
orta mektep mektepke deıingi shaǵyn ortalyqpen»
komýnaldyq memlekettik mekemesi
Aǵylshyn tili páni muǵalimi: B. A. Daýletbaeva
Aǵylshyn tili sabaqtarynda ıdıomalar men turaqty sóz tirkesterin qoldana sóıleýge úıretý júkteý
Summary
This article touches upon the problem of using idioms and set expressions in students` speech. Great attention is paid to the understanding the meanings of idioms and their role in foreign language learning.
Biz «til - tiri qubylys» degen sóz tirkesin jıi kezdestirsek te, kópshiligimiz onyń mánine, ıaǵnı onyń ne maǵyna beretindigine kóńil aýdara qoımaımyz. Kez - kelgen tildiń sózdik qory bilimdegi jańa damýlarmen birge ósý ústinde bolady. Jańa ıdeıalar jańa ataýdy qajet etedi. Máselen, ınformatıka, áleýmettaný, jarnama, saıasat, ekonomıka ǵylymdaryna baılanysty kópdegen jańa sózder paıda boldy. Kompúter tehnologıasy tómendegideı sózderdi, ıaǵnı software, diskette, high - tech, on - line, printout, modem, computer - literate, to format sıaqty sózderdi týǵyzsa, ekonomıka ǵylymy wege - freeze, price - freeze, stagflation degen sıaqty sózderdi dúnıege ákeldi, t. s. s. Sonymen qatar, tilge qatynastyń ózgerýi oryn alyp otyr. Sóz stıli turǵysynda aıtar bolsaq, eger buryn sleng bolyp eseptelip kelgen sózder qazirgi kezde aýyzeki tilde qoldanylatyn sózder qataryna jatqyzylatyn boldy.
Idıoma degen ne?
Idıoma degenimiz birge alynǵan kezde quramyndaǵy jekelengen sózderdiń maǵynasyn múldem basqa maǵyna beretin birneshe sózder jıyntyǵy bolyp tabylady /1/. Idıomalar aǵylshyn sózdiginiń mańyzdy bóligin quraıdy. Olar ár túrli formaly nemese qurylymdy bolyp keledi. Idıoma durys qurylymdy bola alady, sondaı - aq burys nemese gramatıkalyq qate qurylymy da bola alady. Maǵynanyń aıqyndyǵy gramatıkalyq durystyqqa táýeldi emes. Birer mysaldar keltireıik:
1. Formasy jaǵynan durys emes, maǵynasy aıqyn, mysaly:
«give someone to understand», «do someone proud», «do the dirty on someone».
2. Formasy jaǵynan durys, maǵynasy aıqyn emes, mysaly:
«have a bee in one`s bonnet» (be continually occupied with one idea or thing), «cut no ice» (make no impression, have no influence on), t. b.
3. Formasy jaǵynan durys emes, maǵynasy aıqyn emes, mysaly:
«all at sea» (being helpless), «all fingers and thumbs» (awkward) /2/.
Biz ıdıomalardyń kópshiliginiń ekinshi topqa jatatyndyǵyn baıqaımyz. Alaıda osy toptyń ózinde keıbir ıdıomalar basqalaryna qaraǵanda aıqynyraq keledi. Mysaly, «to give someone the green light» maǵynasy «to give someone permission to start» retinde túsindiriledi. Al keıbireýleriniń maǵynasyn bilý qıyn, óıtkeni ol jekelegen sózderdiń túpki maǵynasymen baılanysty. Mysaly, «to tell someone where to get off» (criticize someone strongly; tell someone what you think of him), «to drop a brick» (say or do smth that is tactless, causes embarrassment), «to call the shots» (have control of a situation, tell others what to do and how to do it), «to carry the can» (be obliged to accept the responsibility or blame if smth goes wrong). Birqatar «turaqty ıdıomalardy» kez - kelgen bóliginde ózgerte alamyz (etistiktiń shaǵynan basqasyn). Máselen, «bring home the bacon» «to fight shy of something», « to get down to business». Al keıbireýlerin ár túrli varıanttarda qoldanýǵa bolady, mysaly «to know one`s onions/ stuff» (know one`s subject or how to do something very well ), «a hard/ tough nut to crack» (a difficult problem to overcome; a difficult person to deal with), «to take/ have/ enjoy/ forty winks» (a short sleep during the day), «to come to a bad/ nasty/ sticky/ no good/ untimely end» (become a criminal, have to go to prison, suffer disgrace) /3/.
Oqýshylarǵa kezdesetin eń úlken qıyndyqtardyń biri - ıdıomany qandaı jaǵdaıda qoldaný oryndylyǵyn bilý bolyp tabylady. Olarǵa aǵylshyn tili sabaqtarynda kóbinese beıtarap ıdıomalardy berýge tyrysqan abzal, óıtkeni mundaı ıdıomalar barlyq derlik jaǵdaılarda qoldanylýy múmkin.
Oqýshylarǵa aıtarlyqtaı qıyndyq týǵyzyp júrgen turaqty sóz tirkesterdi, ıaǵnı etistikterdiń predlogtar men ústeýli demeýliktermen jasalǵan sóz tirkesteri, mysaly «take off», «sit in on», «leave out».... Mundaı etistikter aǵylshyn tiliniń barlyq túrlerinde kezdesetin tıptik jáne jıi qubylys, ásirese aýyzeki aǵylshyn tilinde kóptep kezdesedi. Keıde etistik + predlog nemese demeýlik tirkesi joǵary ıdıomatıkalyq maǵynaǵa ıe bolady. Tirkestiń jalpy maǵynasy onyń quramyndaǵy jeke sózderdiń maǵynasyna jýyqtamaıdy. Mysaly, «pack sth in» etistigi sóılemde eshqandaı qıyndyq týdyrmaıdy:
«She opened her suitcase and packed all the clothes in.»
Alaıda, «He decided to pack his job in» sóıleminde ol «leave, abandon» maǵynasynda qoldanylyp tur. Sol sıaqty «take someone off» mysalynda bul «basqa jerge aparyp tastaý» (take away to another place) maǵynasyn bildiredi.
«As soon as Tom arrived Bob insisted on taking him off». Alaıda «ázil - sqaqty elikteý» maǵynasynda qoldanylýy da múmkin: «Liz can take the Queen off very well».
«Take off» tirkesiniń keıbir sóz tirkesterimen birge kelgen jaǵdaıdaǵy maǵynalary tómende keltirilip otyr:
1. The aircraft/ flight/ pilot/ passenger took off. (i. e. left the ground);
2. The thief/ boy/ dog (persons or animals) took off. (i. e. ran away in a hurry);
3. The sales/ product/ economy took off. (i. e. began to improve greatly, make a profit).
«M. Ǵabdýllın atyndaǵy
orta mektep mektepke deıingi shaǵyn ortalyqpen»
komýnaldyq memlekettik mekemesi
Aǵylshyn tili páni muǵalimi: B. A. Daýletbaeva
Aǵylshyn tili sabaqtarynda ıdıomalar men turaqty sóz tirkesterin qoldana sóıleýge úıretý júkteý
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